中考英语：语法十二式——被动语态

概要：一、主动语态“变性”被动语态1. 先找出谓语动词; 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语; 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语; 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。二、被动语态“基本招式”：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词三、被动语态“三十六计”：1. 不及物的动词或者词组无被动语态，常见有如下词汇：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happe

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　　一、主动语态“变性”被动语态

　　1. 先找出谓语动词; 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语; 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语; 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

　　二、被动语态“基本招式”：

　　1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

　　2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

　　3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

　　4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

　　7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　三、被动语态“三十六计”：

　　1. 不及物的动词或者词组无被动语态，常见有如下词汇：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等等。同时，周童瑜提请您特别注意：不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, wish, cost, watch,agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last(延长),cost(花费)

　　break out(爆发)appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack(缺乏)，agree with(同意).等等。宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。

　　2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： His book sells well. The radio needs repairing. 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive等。

　　2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build，如：The house is to let.

　　3) 在need, require, want, worth (表语), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。

　　3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 如：make/see sb do sth→sb+ be +made/seen to do sth等等，周童瑜提醒您记忆其他此类词汇：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, observe, notice, watch

　　4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。如：He bought me a book.→A book was bought for me.

　　5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：Zhou tongyu listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by Zhou tongyu every day.

　　6 let 的用法：1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。They let the thief go→ The thief was let go. 2) 若let 后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。The teacher let me go home to have dinner. →I was allowed / permitted to go home to have dinner.

　　7 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。

　　8 主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.如：We know that Britain is an island country.——It's known that Britain is an island country.

　　9 be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带 by短语。如：The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态)。许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。如： The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态)。

　　【重点提示】：It is said that…据说It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that…大家相信It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为 It is suggested that…据建议 It is taken granted that…被视为当然It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remember that…务必记住的是It is generally accepted that…人们公认的是It is universally known that…全球共知的是

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