概要:专为中国人写的英语语法(二):对读者而言,最重要的是〝现在完成式〞和〝过去式〞不同究竟在那里?最重要的不同在于,一旦在句子中讲一件过去发生的事,而且指定特定的时间,就一定要用〝过去式〞,而不能用〝现在完成式〞。比方说,〝我曾经看过「泰坦尼克号」〞,可以用现在完成式,因为这句话没有指明任何特定的时间,假如说,〝我昨天晚上去看「泰坦尼克号」〞,就一定用过去式,读者不妨看看以下的比较:(a)I went to America last year.I have been to America.(b)I saw The Titanic last year.I have seen The Titanic twice.(c)I finished my homework late last night.I have finally finished my homework.(d)I studied English when I was a small child.I have studied English since I was a child.(e)I went to chur
专为中国人写的英语语法(二),标签:九年级英语语法,http://www.kgf8.com专为中国人写的英语语法(二):
对读者而言,最重要的是〝现在完成式〞和〝过去式〞不同究竟在那里?最重要的不同在于,一旦在句子中讲一件过去发生的事,而且指定特定的时间,就一定要用〝过去式〞,而不能用〝现在完成式〞。比方说,〝我曾经看过「泰坦尼克号」〞,可以用现在完成式,因为这句话没有指明任何特定的时间,假如说,〝我昨天晚上去看「泰坦尼克号」〞,就一定用过去式,读者不妨看看以下的比较:
(a)I went to America last year.
I have been to America.
(b)I saw The Titanic last year.
I have seen The Titanic twice.
(c)I finished my homework late last night.
I have finally finished my homework.
(d)I studied English when I was a small child.
I have studied English since I was a child.
(e)I went to church yesterday.
I have never been to church.
以下的句子是错的,请特别注意:
*(1)I have seen the movie last year.
*(2)I have never been to America last year.
*(3)He has never finished his work last night.
现在完成式常和since、for、already、never、ever等字一起使用,以下都是这类的例子:
(1)I have already had dinner.
(2)Since this summer began, we have already had two storms.
(3)It has not rained for a long time.
(4)I have never talked to this man before.
(5)I have never met your father.
(6)Have you ever been to America?
(7)He has already won three awards.
(8)I have stayed here since June.
Never 和 ever 也常是我们弄不清楚如何使用的字,一般说来, never 有否定的意思,ever则只有在问句中才会出现。
【练习十一】
将以下句子译成英文,全部用现在完成式:
1.自从1980年,我就每天早上游泳。
2.我已收到了你的信。
3.我从未去过美国。
4.从他是一个小孩开始,他就是一个基督徒(Christian)。
5.我见过你的祖父。
6.你的弟弟一直住在这里。
7.他学钢琴已经很久了。
8.我已写了三封信给他,他都没有回。
9.过去三年我都在开这部车。
10.自从1975年以来,他一直是一位老师。
11.他教英文很久了。
12.我曾经看过乱世佳人(Gone with the Wind)。
13.我已吃过饭了。
14.今年我去过海滩三次。
15.我终其一生都爱你的。
【练习十二】
将以下句子译成英文,有的用过去式,有的用现在完成式
1.昨天我去看〝乱世佳人〞(Gone with the Wind)。
2.我从未看过〝乱世佳人〞。
3.去年,我住在美国。
4.自从1985年,我就一直住在美国。
5.他从未去过英国。
6.他已经完成了报告。
7.我昨天晚上完成了报告。
8.昨夜,我见到了你的父亲。
9.我已经见过你的父亲好几次了。
10.我终生都住在台中。
【练习十三】
填充
1. I (become) a Christian when I was a child.
2. I (be) a Christian all my life.
3. He (live) here since 1939.
4. Stop eating now. You (eat) too much.
5. It (rain) last night.
6. John is a writer. He (written) thirteen novels.
7. Last night, I (see) your father for the first time in my life.
8. I (talk) to my father last night.
9. Since 1961, I (be) a teacher. Before that, I (be) a student.
10. I (read) many novels written by Charles Dickens.
4§2现在完成进行式(Present Perfect Progressive Tense)
在上一节,我们知道,如果有一个行动,从过去发生后,就一直延续到现在,我们可以用现在完成式。举例来说,以下的例子都应该用现在完成式:
(1) 自从1974年,我就在学校学英文。
Since 1974, I have studied English at school.
(2) 自从我大学毕业以后,我就在这里工作。
Since I graduated from college, I have worked here.
以第一句话为例,假如我们要强调我一直在练习游泳,而且没有间断,我们可以用现在完成进行式(present perfect progressive tense)。所谓现在完成进行式,形式如下:
verb to have + been + present participle
verb to have 是为了完成式,been 和 present participle 都是为了进行式。
以下是现在完成进行式的例子:
I have been studying English since 1974.
I have been working here since I graduated from college.
I have been living here since I was a child.
He has been acting like a fool lately.(他最近一直在做傻事)
They have been dancing since seven o’clock.
It has been snowing since yesterday.
I have been taking music lessons since last year.
He has been drinking heavily since last year.(他去年起,就一直在酗酒)
【练习十四】
将以下的句子译成英文,全部用现在完成进行式:
1. 自从我们是小孩子起,我们就一直努力工作。
2. 从去年起,他就在念英文。
3. 从昨天起,就一直在下雨。
4. 从五时起,他就在做功课(do homework)。
5. 从三岁起,我就一直住在台中。
4§3 过去完成进行式(Past Perfect Progressive Tense)
过去完成式的形式如下:
had + past participle
过去完成式是不能单独用的。我们用的时候,必须有另一个事件。也就是说,假如我们有两件事 A 和 B,两件事都发生在过去,但 A 发生在 B 以前,A 应该用过去完成式,B 则用过去式。以下是几个例子:
(1) 他到台湾以前,曾学过中文。
He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan.
(2) 他念大学以前,曾前工作过。