概要： A. WhoB. WhoeverC. Anyone D. Who ever(5) _____ is seen smoking here will be fined.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever(6) _____ smoking here will be fined.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever(7) _____ smokes here will be fined.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever第(1)题选C，介词短语with a good education为修饰anyone的定语；第(2)题选B，whoever has a good education为主语从句；第(3)题选C，现在分词短语having a good education为修饰anyone的定语；第(4)题选C，过去分词短语seen smoking here为修饰anyone的定语(可视为anyone
高考英语单选陷阱：思维定势型,标签：高三英语单项选择大全,高三学习方法,http://www.kgf8.com
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever
(5) _____ is seen smoking here will be fined.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. Who ever
(6) _____ smoking here will be fined.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. Who ever
(7) _____ smokes here will be fined.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. Who ever
第(1)题选C，介词短语with a good education为修饰anyone的定语；第(2)题选B，whoever has a good education为主语从句；第(3)题选C，现在分词短语having a good education为修饰anyone的定语；第(4)题选C，过去分词短语seen smoking here为修饰anyone的定语(可视为anyone who is seen smoking here之省略)；第(5)题选B，whoever is seen smoking here为主语从句；第(6)题选C，现在分词短语smoking here为修饰anyone的定语；第(7)题选B，whoever smokes here为主语从句。
4.devote...to与prevent...from
He made up his mind to devote his life _____ pollution _____ happily.
A. to prevent, to live
B. to prevent, from living
C. to preventing, to live
D. to preventing, from living
此题容易误选B，认为第一空应填to prevent(即认为其中的to为不定式符号)，第二空应填from living，因为prevent ... from doing sth是一个常用句型。其实错了，正确的答案是C。第一空涉及的结构是devote ... to ... (把……奉献给……)，其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号；第二空从表面上看涉及的是prevent ... from ...结构，但其实不是。因为在prevent sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/某事做某事)这一句型中，prevent后的宾语(sb/sth)应与其后动名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，如：We can't prevent him from leaving. (我们无法阻止他离开)，此句中“他”与“离开”有逻辑上的主谓关系(即“他离开”)。而上面例句中的“污染”与“生活愉快”没有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以不适宜用prevent ... from ...结构。选项C中的不定式to live happily在句中用做目的状语。
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5.是around which还是around where
Is there a shop around _____ we can buy some toilet articles?
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
此题很容易误选B，认为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词shop，在此用做介词around的宾语。此分析语法上并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个商店，在它的附近我们可以买到梳妆用品。这样的句意显然不合事理，因为人们通常总是在商店里面买东西，而不是在商店附近买东西。其实此题的最佳选项应是C，其中的around是副词(意为“在附近”)，而不是介词，其后where引导的定语从句修饰其前的地点名词shop，句意为：附近有没有我们可以买到梳妆用品的商店？
6.这是现在分词表结果吗
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
许多同学一看到题干中的逗号，便断定此题应选C，属现在分词表结果的用法。其实此题应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and或but，not to make it more difficult是对逗号前的不定式to make life easier的补充说明。全句句意为“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式虽在句中用做表语，但它们是用以说明句子主语purpose的内容的。
(1) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided
(2) The purpose of the scheme _____ the employers but to provide work for young people.
A. is not to help B. does not help C. is not help D. is not helping
第(1)题选B，第(2)题选A，注意两句中的not ... but ...结构，它连接两个平行的不定式结构。
7.是after which还是after what
After ____ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which
B. it
C. what
D. that
此题应选C，其余三项都很容易误选。误选A，认为介词后应接关系代词which（但是，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词）；B或D也不能选择，因为介词后可接what引导的宾语从句，但通常不能跟that引导的宾语从句或没有引导词的从句。另一方面，引导名词性从句的that也不能充当句子成分(句中的seemed缺主语)。选C，what引导的是宾语从句，用做介词after的宾语，其中的what可理解为some time that。
8. pay attention to后可直接跟that从句吗
The judge paid no attention to _____ he had just lost his wife.
A. that B. which C. what D. the fact that
此题容易误选A或B：选A，认为to后应接一个that引导的宾语从句；选B，认为其后是一个定语从句，介词后应用关系代词which。其实此题应选。注意不能选A的原因是，在通常情况下，介词后不能直接跟that从句(极个别介词如except, but等除外)，遇此情况，应在that从句前加上 the fact（此时the fact用做介词宾语，其后that从句用做the fact的同位语）。
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